PSI CHI Journal of Psychological Research
Volume 4.3 |
Fall 1999
RESEARCH ARTICLES
Validating a Psychiatric Self-Report Screening Form for Homeless
Medical Patients
Elizabeth T. Dexter and Natalie Sachs-Ericsson, The Florida
State University
ABSTRACT: The present
study examined the validity of a screening instrument to identify homeless
medical patients in need of psychiatric services. A self-report screening
instrument was developed and completed by 64 participants using the medical
services offered at a free health clinic. We examined 2 approaches, a
statistical deviation approach and a clinical judgment approach, in order to
determine the criteria for specifying caseness. Caseness is defined as those
participants in need of mental health evaluations. A criterion group composed
of clinic medical patients presently using their mental health services was
used as the standard to define caseness. Results showed the statistical
deviation approach identified 100% of the criterion group, whereas the clinical
judgment approach identified only 57% of the criterion group. Both approaches
had similar false positive rates of 25%. Our findings support the validity of
the client self-report measure as a screening tool to identify patients in need
of mental health evaluations.
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The Effects of Music on Mood and Perception of a Visual Stimulus
Elizabeth J. Vella, Michael D. Irvin, Jason Solle, Scott
Berendt, and Erin E. Ramirez, Sonoma State University
ABSTRACT: We examined
the influence of music on mood by instructing 81 undergraduate students to
complete the Multiple Affect Adjective Check List-Revised (MAACL-R) both before
and after watching a 15-min video that was or was not paired with a piece of
music. The 2 music categories were pleasant or depressing. Participants from
the depressing group experienced a drop in positive affect, whereas
participants from the pleasant group showed an increase on this measure. Men
from the pleasant group had the highest pretreatment and lowest posttreatment
anxiety scores, whereas the women displayed no change in anxiety. The results
indicate that music has only a slight impact on mood.
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Tennis Anyone? Personality Correlates of Singles and Doubles
Playing Preferences
Lynne M. Schoenauer, Gregory S. Thomas, Bill Teigler, and Irwin
P. Levin,
University of Iowa
ABSTRACT: The current
research examines individual differences between people who prefer to perform a
task alone and people who prefer to cooperate with a partner. The contributions
of self-esteem, agreeableness, locus of control, and optimism were investigated
in prediction of doubles or singles playing preference in recreational tennis
players. Seventy recreational tennis players (aged 16-75) completed measures of
singles/doubles playing preference, locus of control, optimism/pessimism,
agreeableness, and self-esteem. Results of regression analysis show the
strongest predictor of singles or doubles playing preference is
optimism/pessimism. Players who prefer to play doubles were more agreeable and
more optimistic than players who prefer to play singles.
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Type of Play, Temporal Position, Salience, and Attentional Focus
of Sports Spectators
Nathan L. Steele and Daniel L. Wann, Murray State University
ABSTRACT: The focus of
attention affects the information available when making assessments of
performance and when attributing responsibility for the outcome of an athletic
play or contest. The current study tested the hypotheses that: (a) The type of
play viewed would affect sport spectators' attentional focus, with certain
plays leading to more internal focus, (b) the temporal position of the play
would affect sport spectators' attentional focus, with earlier plays leading to
more internal focus and later plays leading to more external focus, and (c) the
effects of greater actor focus and a differential level of that actor focus as
a function of type of play or temporal position seen in Wann and Steele's
(1998) prior study would be replicated. These hypotheses were tested by having
participants view 1 of 4 differently ordered series of 4 video clips depicting
football plays. Participants then stated their focus of attention following
each clip. The results supported each hypothesis.
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Observers' Evaluations of Couples Involved in Date Rape
Mathilde M. Tarsi and Norine L. Jalbert, Western Connecticut
State University
ABSTRACT:
Ninety volunteer men and women viewed photographs of low-, medium-, and
high-attractive male and female couples and read a brief description of a date
rape incident. Consistent with previous research, women rated the
high-attractive woman as less responsible for the date rape than the
low-attractive woman. Observers' evaluations of the couples did not confirm a
linear relationship between victim attractiveness and responsibility
attributions, and they held the medium-attractive woman most responsible. The
results are discussed in terms of just
world theory, gender bias, attractiveness bias, and similarity to the target.
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A Conversation With Wilbert J. McKeachie: Involving
Undergraduate
Students in Research
Richard L. Miller, University of Nebraska; Mark E. Ware,
Creighton University
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