Research on spatial abilities suggests sex differences in task performance. The present study explored 3 spatial ability performance factors (i.e., time, choice, and expectation) to examine if this sex difference could be mediated. Participants were 160 undergraduates assigned to 1 of 8 groups. We scored each participant on the number of correct and incorrect answers on the Mental Rotation Test designed by Vandenberg and Kuse (1978). Correct scores yielded significant main effects for sex, time, and choice with an interaction between time and choice, as well as sex, time, and choice. Incorrect scores yielded significant main effects for sex and time with an interaction between sex and time. Both women and men improved performance when time constraints were eliminated or when forced to answer.

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